輔仁大學
學術資源網

記錄編號5977
狀態NC093FJU00462015
助教查核
索書號
學校名稱輔仁大學
系所名稱語言學研究所
舊系所名稱
學號490286042
研究生(中)傅敬涵
研究生(英)Ching-han Fu
論文名稱(中)從親子玩玩具情境中看不同社經地位母親的語言互動方式
論文名稱(英)Maternal talk to their preschool children in toy play interactions: A comparison of social class differences
其他題名
指導教授(中)張鑑如
指導教授(英)Chien-ju Chang
校內全文開放日期不公開
校外全文開放日期不公開
全文不開放理由
電子全文送交國圖.同意
國圖全文開放日期.2006.05.01
檔案說明電子全文
電子全文01
學位類別碩士
畢業學年度94
出版年
語文別英文
關鍵字(中)親子互動 玩玩具 學齡前兒童 語言互動方式 母親語言 社經地位
關鍵字(英)mother-child interaction Chinese children Chinese mothers maternal talk toy play social class
摘要(中)透過與雙親玩玩具中的社會互動,孩子的語言能力會發展的更加快速,因此母親與孩子玩玩具互動的重要性實不容忽視。此研究的目的在於探討台灣不同社經地位的母親,在與孩子玩玩具的情境中所採取的語言互動策略。研究對象包括二十對母親及其四歲幼兒,其中十對來自中高社經地位家庭,十對來自低收入家庭。語料來自受試母親與其孩童玩玩具時的語言及互動。研究結果顯示社經地位不同會影響母親所採取的語言互動方式:高社經地位的母親在互動過程中所採取的對話引述(conversation-eliciting)策略多過於低社經地位母親;而低社經地位母親採用命令性(directive)策略則多過於高社經地位母親。此外,兩組母親在玩玩具過程中皆提供資訊給孩子多過於問孩子問題;但高社經地位的母親說話量遠高於低社經地位母親。母親的語言使用與孩子的語言發展息息相關,因此孩子在玩玩具互動中的語言使用及其後續的語言發展情形值得再進一步探討研究。
摘要(英)Research on the effect of maternal talk on children's language development has gained considerable attention in recent years. Mothers from different socio-economic backgrounds might display different ways in communicating with their children. This study aims to examine mother-child interaction in Taiwanese upper-middle class and low-income families in toy play, with special focus on maternal interaction strategies and information discussed during play. Twenty mother-child dyads, ten from upper-middle class and ten from low income families, participated in this study. Each dyad was asked to play with a set of toys in as natural a way as possible in the home. The whole toy play session was recorded in both video- and audio-tapes. The data collected was transcribed in the Human Analysis of Transcripts (MacWhinney, 2000) format and categorized according to adaptations of the coding systems developed by Kolth et al. (1995), Chang (2003), Huang (2004), and Katz (2001). Coded transcripts were then analyzed, applying the Child Language Analysis programs (MacWhinney, 2000). Consistent with the prior research, social class differences in maternal talk with their children during toy play were evident in this study. Mothers from upper-middle mothers produced more and much longer utterances than low-income mothers. Moreover, the conversation-eliciting style used to elicit and encourage conversational participation from children was found to be used more commonly in upper-middle group than in low-income families, while directive strategies were used more often by low income mothers. Results also show that the upper-middle mothers provided and asked for more information than low-income mothers did, but proportion of information provision was larger than that of information requests in both groups of mothers. Discussion of the findings of this study and suggestions for the future research are also presented.
論文目次Table of Contents Chinese Abstract i English Abstract ii Table of Contents iv Figures and Tables vi Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Research Questions 4 1.3 Definition of Terms 4 1.4 Organization of the Thesis 4 2. Literature review 6 2.1 Maternal Interactive Styles and Contexts 6 2.1.1 Maternal Interactive Styles 6 2.1.2 Maternal Interactive Styles in Different Contexts 8 2.2 Maternal Interaction Speech and Children’s Language Development 12 2.3 Maternal Styles of Interaction and Social Classes 15 3. Method 20 3.1 Subjects 20 3.2 Materials 22 3.3 Procedures 23 3.4 Transcription 23 3.5 Coding Scheme 24 3.5.1 Interactive Coding Scheme 24 3.5.2 Information Coding Scheme 42 3.6 Reliability 45 4. Results 47 4.1 Quantitative Results 47 4.1.1 Lengths of Maternal Speech 47 4.1.2 Maternal Interactive Strategies 50 4.1.3 Maternal Information Strategies 56 4.2 Qualitative Results 58 4.2.1 Maternal Interactive Strategies 59 4.2.2 Information Discussed in Maternal Speech 77 5. Discussion 90 5.1 Main Findings 90 5.2 Limitations and Suggestions 93 References 95 Appendix A. CHAT Symbols 104 B. Abbreviations 105 C. Photos of the Toys 106
參考文獻包美伶 [Bao, M-L.] (1979). 學前兒童語言表達能力與有關因素之研究. [Research on related variables influencing preschool children’s language development]. Unpublished thesis. Graduate Program of Special Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Zhanghua, Taiwan. 阮慧貞 [Ruan, H-Z.] (2003). 親子遊戲環境中親子互動相關因素之探討. [The exploration about the relevant factors of the parent-child play's interaction in parent-child play environment]. Unpublished thesis. Graduate Program of Industrial Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. 唐榮昌 [Tang, J-C.] (1994). 個人變項及家庭境變項對幼兒早期閱讀能力影響之研究. [A study of the impact of the individual and home-environmental variable on early reading abilities]. Unpublished thesis. Graduate Program of Special Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. 黃卓琦 [Huang, C-C.] (2004). 不同社經地位親子共讀之比較研究. [Styles of mother-child book reading interaction in different social classes]. Unpublished thesis. Graduate Program of Linguistics, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan. 陳淑美 [Chen, S-M.] (1963). 學齡前兒童家庭社會經濟水準與語言模仿及理解能力之關係 [Relation of Socio-economic level and language imitation and comprehension abilities in preschool children families]. Journal of Education Psychology in National Taiwan Normal University, 6, 113-121. 陳淑敏 [Cheng, S-M.] (1999). 幼兒遊戲 [Infants’ Play]. Taipei: Psychology Press. 楊瓊珸 [Yang, C-W.] (1968). 台中縣正常幼兒語言發展問題之探討 [Investigations on language development of normal infants in Taizhoug County]. Journal of Hung Kuang University, 7, 64-107. 鍾玉梅 [Zhung, Y-M.] (1973). 學齡前兒童語言發展相關因素之研究 [Research on related variables of preschool children language development]. Journal of Chinese Medical Science, 31, 273-279. 台北市政府社會局 [Department of Social Welfare, Taipei City Government] (n.d.). 社會救助手冊 [Handbook of social assistance]. Retrieved January 5, 2005, from http://www.dosw.tcg.gov.tw. Ainsworth, M. D. (1969). Object relations, dependency, and attachment: A theoretical review of the infant-mother relationship. Child Development, 40, 969-1025. Bruner, J. S. (1978). Acquiring the uses of language. Journal of Pshchology, 32, 204-18. Burchinal, M. R., Campbell, F. A., Bryant, D. M., Wasik, B. H., & Ramey, C. T. (1997). Early intervention and mediating processes in cognitive performance of children of low-income, African-American families. Child Development, 68, 935-954. Chang, C. J. (2003). Talking about the past: How do Chinese mothers elicit narratives from their young children across time. Narrative inquiry, 13, 99-126. Chang, C. J. (2005). Home support for language and literacy development in preschoolers. NSC91-2413-H12-017. Cross, T. G. (1977). Mothers’ speech adjustments: the contribution of selected child listener variables. In C. E. Snow & C. A. Ferguson (eds). Talking to children: language input and acquisition. Cambridge: C. U. P. DeTemple , J. M. & Tabors, P. O. (1995). Styles of interaction during a book reading task: Implications for literacy intervention with low-income families. In K. Q. Hinchman, D. J. Leu, & C. K. Kinzer. (Ed.), Perspectives on literacy research and practice, 44th yearbook of the National Reading Conference. Chicago: National Reading Conference. Engle, S. (1986). The role of mother-child interaction in autobiographical recall. In J. A. Hudson (Chair), Learning to talk about the past. Symposium conducted at the Southeastenrn Conference on Human Development, Nashville, TN. Farran, D. C., & Haskins, R. (1980). Reciprocal influence in the social interactions of mothers and three-year-old children from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Child Development, 51, 780-791. Feshbach, N. D. (1970). Teaching styles of four year olds and their mothers. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED045788. Fivush, R., & Fromhoff, F. A. (1988). Style and structure in mother-child conversations about the past. Discourse Processes, 11, 337-355. Furrow, D., Nelson, K. & Benedict, H. (1979). Mother’s speech to children and syntactic development: some simple relationships. Journal of Child Language, 6, 423-442. Royston, A. (Lee. Z-R. translated) (1991). Frog. London: Dorling Kindersley. Haden, C. A. & Fivush, R. (1996). Contextual Variation in Maternal Conversational Styles. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 42, 200-227. Hart, B., & Risley, T. R. (1992). American parenting of language-learning children: persisting differences in family-child interactions observed in natural home environments. Developmental Psychology, 28, 1096-1105. Heath, S. B. (1983). Ways with words: Language, life, and work in communities and classrooms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hoff-Ginsberg, E. (1985). Some contributions of mothers’ speech to their children’s syntactic growth. Journal of Child Language, 12, 367-385. Hoff-Ginsberg, E. (1989). Effects of social class and interactive setting on maternal speech. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED309 843. Hoff-Ginsberg, E. (1990). Maternal speech and the child's development of syntax: a further look. Journal of Child Language, 17, 85-99. Hoff-Ginsberg, E. (1991). Mother-child conversation in different social classes and communicative setting. Child Development, 62, 782-796. Hoff-Ginsberg, E. (1994). Influences of mothers and child on maternal talkativeness. Discourse Processes, 18, 105-117. Hoff-Ginsberg, E. (2002). How children use input to acquire a lexicon. Child Development, 73, 418-433. Hudson, J. A. (1990). The emergence of autobiographical memory in mother-child conversations In R. Fivush & J. A. Hudson (Eds.), Knowing and remembering in young children. New York: Cambridge University Press. Hutt, C., & Bhavanani, R. (1976). Predictions from play. In J. S. Bruner, A. Jolly, & K. Sylva (Eds.), Play. New York: Penguin. Johnson, J. E., Christie, J. F. & Wardle, F. (2005). Play, Development, and Early Education. Boston: Pearson Education. Katz, J. R. (2001). Playing at home: The talk of pretend play. In Dickinson, D. K., & P. O. Tabors. (Ed.), Beginning literacy with language (pp.53-74). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes. Karen, L. R. (1999). Caregiver-child interactions and early literacy development of preschool children from low-income environments. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 19, 3-12. Kloth, S., Janssen, P., Karraimaat, F., & Brutten, G. J. (1995). Communicative styles of mothers interacting with their preschool-age children: a factor analytic study. Journal of Child Language, 25, 149-168. Kurth, R. J., & Kurth, L. M. (1986). A comparison of fathers’ and mothers’ speech patterns when communicating with three, four, and five-year-old children. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 268 782. Langlois, A., Hanrahan, L. L. & Inoure, L. L. (1986). A comparison of interactions between stuttering children, nonstuttering children, and their mothers. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 11, 263-273. Lewis, C., & Gregory, S. (1987). Parents talk to their infants: The importance of context. First Language, 7, 201-216. Lieven, E. V. M. (1978). Conversations between mothers and young children: Individual differences and their possible implications for the study of language learning. In N. Waterson & C. Snow (Eds.), The development of communication. New York: Wiley. Lieven, E. V. M. (1994). Crosslinguistic and crosscultural aspects of language addressed to children. In C. Gallaway, & B. J. Richards. (Ed.), Input and interaction in language acquisition (pp. 56-73). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. McCabe. A., & Peterson, C. (1991). Getting the story: A longitudinal study of parental styles in eliciting narratives and developing narrative skills. In A. McCabe & C. Peterson (Eds.), Developing narrative structure (pp. 217-253). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. McDonald, L. & Pien, D. (1982). Mother conversational behavior as a function of interactional intent. Journal of Child Language, 9, 337-358. Mac Whinney, B. (2000). The CHILDES project. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. MacWhinney, B., & Snow, C. E. (1985). The child language data exchange system. Journal of Child Language, 12, 271-296. Nelson, K. (1973). Structure and strategy in learning to talk. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 38, I-2, serial no. 149. Nelson, K. (1981). Individual differences in language development: Implications for development and language. Developmental Psychology, 17, 170-187. Newport, E., Gleitman, L. & Gleitman, H. (1977). Mother, I’d rather do it myself. In C. Snow & C. Fergusson (eds), Talking to children: language input and acquisition. Cambridge: C. U. P. Norman-Jackson, J. (1982). Family interaction, language development, and primary reading achievement of black children in families of low income. Child Development, 53, 349-358. O’Brien, M., & Nagle, K. J. (1987). Parents’ speech to toddlers: The effect of play context. Journal of Child Language, 14, 269-279. Olsen-Fulero, L. (1982). Style and stability in mother conversational behavior: a study of individual differences. Journal of Child Language, 9, 543-564. Reese, E., & Fivush, R. (1993). Parental styles of talking about the past. Developmental Psychology, 29, 596-606. Romano, M. (1984). Parental participation in early language development, ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED246 409. Sachs, J. & Johnson, M. L. (1976). Language development in a hearing child of deaf parents. In W. won Raffler-Engel & Y. Lebrun (eds), Baby talk and infant speech. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger. Schodorf , J. K. & Edward, H. T. (1983). Comparative analysis of parent-child interactions with language-disordered and linguistically normal children. Journal of Communication Disorders, 16, 71-83. Snow, C. E. (1977). The development of conversation between mothers and babies. Journal of Child language, 4, 1-22. Snow, C. E. (1977). Mothers’ speech research: from input to interaction. In C. E. Snow & C. A. Ferguson (eds), Talking to children: language input and acquisition. Cambridge: C. U. P. Snow, C. E., (1994). Beginning from baby talk: Twenty years of research on input and interaction. In C. Gallaway, & B. J. Richards. (Ed.), Input and interaction in language acquisition (pp. 3-12). Cambridge: Cambridge University press. Snow, C. E., Arlman-Rupp, A., Hassing, Y., Jobse, J., Joosten, J., & Vorster, J. (1976). Mothers’ speech in three social classes. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 5, 1-20. Snow, C. E., Dubber, D., & de Blauw, A. (1982). Routines in mother-child interaction. In L. Feagans & D. C. Farran (Eds.), The language of children reared in poverty (pp. 53-72). New York: Academic Press. Strom, R. D. (1969). Toy Talk: A Medium for Respect. Theor Pract, 8, 186-191. Tomasello, M. & Farrar, M. J. (1986). Joint Attention and Early Language. Child Development, 57, 1454-1463. Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in Society. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
論文頁數108
附註
全文點閱次數
資料建置時間
轉檔日期
全文檔存取記錄
異動記錄M admin Y2008.M7.D3 23:17 61.59.161.35