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研究生(中)黃煜鈞
研究生(英)Yu-Chun, Huang
論文名稱(中)立體視覺空間下的注意力選擇
論文名稱(英)Selective attention in three-dimensional space
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指導教授(中)袁之琦
指導教授(英)Zhi-Gi, Yuan
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關鍵字(中)立體視覺 空間為基注意力 注意力移轉
關鍵字(英)Stereopsis Space-based attention attentional shift
摘要(中)本論文的研究目的為探討在立體空間下注意力的選擇特性,以一個改良式的空間提示實驗,利用Kanizsa圖形作為空間提示刺激,操弄空間提示刺激與視覺搜尋作業間的深度位置,並透過空白遮蔽刺激的呈現時間,以及目標刺激出現有無的情況下,觀察注意力移轉在不同要求的視覺搜尋作業下表現之優劣。研究上共設計三個實驗,由於Kanizsa圖形的獨特深度性,可能會使刺激引發立體擷取效果(stereocapture),為避免干擾後續實驗的結果,因此實驗一主要目的為挑選不受立體擷取效果的刺激,作為視覺搜尋作業內的呈現刺激。實驗二主要探討當目標刺激與干擾項位於相同平面時,是否有注意力移轉速率的不對稱性,以及字母刺激的知覺組織對注意力表現的影響。實驗三為探討當刺激與干擾項位於不同深度平面時,是否會受到深度差異的突顯效果,而自動擷取了注意力的焦點,並且考量目標刺激與干擾項之間的相對位置,相較於目標刺激的深度位置,干擾項分別位於遠、近端時,何者的干擾效果較強。 以此,本研究的主要發現為:首先,在注意力的移轉速率上,雖然發現注意力移轉不對稱性的趨勢,說明即使注意力移轉距離相同,但卻有移動的快慢之別,但是與以往的研究呈現不同的結果。而這個注意力的移轉狀態,是因應不同的搜尋作業要求(目標刺激有無出現)有不同的表現。字母刺激平面位於不同深度位置時,因為整體知覺組織的改變,而影響了原來移轉歷程的偵測方式。進一步發現,移轉歷程中的焦點大小改變,與移轉路徑內的刺激大小,此兩者之間的相容性,是影響立體空間注意力選擇的重要因素。但是三度空間下的知覺負荷,仍是干擾注意力表現的強勢變項。至於目標刺激與干擾項的相對深度,在本研究當中則沒有呈現出差異效果。
摘要(英)The purpose of this study is to find the characteristics of selective attention in three-dimensional space. In this study we use a reformatory spatial cueing task. We chose the Kanizsa figure be the spatial cue. In order to observe the process of attentional shift, we manipulated the distance between this spatial cue and visual searching task. After the spatial cue appear, we presented different blank masking time to control the attentional engaged levels that induced by the spatial cue. Another variable was that target stimulus would appear or not. This could observe the performance of visual searching task in different attentional shift conditions. But, the stimulus of the visual searching task that in Kanizsa figure would be induced the effect of stereocapture. So, in experiment 1 we must pick up the stimulus would be less stereocapture effect influence by the Kanizsa figure. Then, in experiment 2, the whole stimulus in visual searching task that were in the same depth. To see does the asymmetry rate of attentional shift exist or not. Experiment 3, we manipulate one of the stimulus in the different depth, to observe the attentional selective performance in the discontinuous depths. To observe that does the pop-out effect induced by different one would capture subjects’ attention? Or the influence by the relative depth between target and distractors were more dominative. The basic discovers of this study were: First, we find the asymmetry of attentional shift rate. It shows that even in the same distance, but the attentional shift in different speed. But, the result didn’t match the recent studies. So, we found that the asymmetry could be activated by the searching task. For example, the target stimulus appear or not, and stimulus’ perceptual organization in different depths. Those factors would change subjects’ attentional performance. And, the process of attentional shift influence the focus size changes. Then, between this changes and the stimulus size we must to detect in the shift process. Their compatibility was the most important factor to influence our attentional selection. Perceptual loading also the powerful factor in three dimensional space. Besides, the relative position of depth between target and distractors didn’t show significant effect in this study.
論文目次第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………………………1 前言……………………………………………………………………………………1 視覺空間注意力的選擇機制…………………………………………………………3 物體為基模式………………………………………………………………………………4 空間為基模式…………………………………………………………………4 特徵為基模式………………………………………………………………………………5 物體為基與空間為基的爭議………………………………………………………………6 第二章 空間為基注意力之議題…………………………………………………………11 注意力的空間移轉是否連續………………………………………………………………11 空間注意力移轉所需時間……………………………………………………13 空間注意力如何分配………………………………………………………………………15 空間注意力能否分裂………………………………………………………………………17 選定空間的大小是否存在彈性……………………………………………………………18 空間注意力的形狀為何………………………………………………………20 立體視覺空間之注意力選擇………………………………………………………………21 單眼深度(monocular depth)條件下的注意力選擇…………………………………22 雙眼深度(binocular depth)條件下的注意力選擇…………………………………23 第三章 研究目的…………………………………………………………………………27 現存作業的推論與限制……………………………………………………………………27 研究方向………………………………………………………………………28 第四章 實驗………………………………………………………………………………31 實驗一………………………………………………………………………………31 方法………………………………………………………………………………………33 結果……………………………………………………………………………34 討論………………………………………………………………………………………36 實驗二A……………………………………………………………………………38 方法………………………………………………………………………………………39 結果…………………………………………………………………………42 討論……………………………………………………………………………………44 實驗二B…………………………………………………………………………46 方法……………………………………………………………………………………46 結果………………………………………………………………………49 討論……………………………………………………………………………………51 實驗三A…………………………………………………………………………53 方法……………………………………………………………………………………54 結果………………………………………………………………………56 討論……………………………………………………………………………………58 實驗三B…………………………………………………………………………60 方法……………………………………………………………………………………60 結果………………………………………………………………………63 討論……………………………………………………………………………………65 第五章 綜合討論………………………………………………………………………67 本研究的基本發現………………………………………………………………………67 本研究的缺失與限制…………………………………………………………68 各個空間注意力議題的比較……………………………………………………………69 總結………………………………………………………………………………………71 參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………………72 附錄一 實驗一刺激材料縮圖……………………………………………………………84 附錄二 實驗二、三指導語………………………………………………………………86
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