| 參考文獻 | Bergstr?m J, Hermansen L, Hultman E and Saltin B（1967）Diet, muscle glycogen and physical performance. Acta Physiol Scand 71:140-150.
Bergstr?m J and Hultman E（1966）Muscle glycogen synthesis after
exercise: an enhancing factor localized to the muscle cells in man. Nature
210:309-310.
Bloch G, Chase JR, Meyer DB, Avison MJ, Shulman GI and Shulman RG（1994）In vivo regulation of rat muscle glycogen resynthesis after intense exercise. Am J Physiol 266:E85-E91.
Blom PCS, Hostmark AT, Vaage O, Kardel KR and Maehlum S（1987）
Effectof different post-exercise sugar diets on the rate of muscle glycogen
synthesis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 19:491-496.
Blom PCS（1989）Post-exercise glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in human muscle during oral or IV glucose intake. Eur J Aool Physiol 59:327-333.
Brozinick JT Jr, Etgen GJ Jr, Yaspelkis BB 3rd and Ivy JL（1992）Contraction-activated glucose uptake is normal in insulin-resistant muscle of the obese Zucker rat. J Appl Physiol 73:382-387.
Burke LM, Collier GR and Hargreaves M（1993）Muscle glycogen storage after prolonged exercise: effect of the glycemic index of carbohydrate feedings.J Appl Physiol 75:1019-1023.
Burke LM, Collier GR and Hargreaves M （1998）Glycemic index--a new tool in sport nutrition? Int J Sport Nutr 8:401-415.
Cartee GD, Young DA, Sleeper MD, Zierath J, Wallberg-Henriksson H and Holloszy JO（1989）Prolonged increase in insulin-stimulated glucose transport in muscle after exercise. Am J Physiol 256:E494-499.
Casey A, Short AH, Hultman E and Greenhaff PL（1995）Glycogen resynthesis in human muscle fibre types following exercise-induced glycogen depletion. J Physiol 483:265-271.
Cheng IS, Lee NY, Liu KL, Liao SF, Huang CH and Kuo CH（2005）Effect of postexercise carbohydrate supplementation on glucose uptake-associated gene expression in human skeletal muscle. J Nutr Biochem 16:267-271.
Coderrn L, Kandror KV, Vallega G and Pilch PF（1995）Identification of a contraction-sensitive pool. J Biol Chem 270:27584-27588.
Danforth WH（1965）Glycogen synthetase activity in skeletal muscle:
Interconversion of two forms and control of glycogen synthesis. J Boil
Chem 240:588-593.
Douen AG, Ramlal T, Rastogi S et al（1990）Exercise induces recruitment of the ’insulin-responsive glucose transporter’. J Biol Chem 265:13427-13430.
Doyle JA, Sherman WM and Strauss RL（1993）Effects of eccentric and concentric exercise on muscle glycogen replenishment. JAppl Physiol 74:1848-1855.
Etgen GJ Jr, Memon AR, Thompson GA Jr and Ivy JL （1993）Insulin- and contraction-stimulated translocation of GTP-binding proteins and GLUT4 protein in skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem 268:20164-9.
Foster-Powell K, Holt SH and Brand-Miller JC（2002）International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values. AmJ Clin Nutr 76:5-56.
Foster-Powell K and Miller JB（1995）International tables of glycemic index. Am J Clin Nut 62:871S-890S.
Furtado LM, Somwar R, Sweeney G, Niu W and Klip A（2002） Activation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 by insulin. Biochem Cell Biol 80:569-78.
Garetto LP, Richter EA, Goodman MN and Ruderman（1984） Enhanced muscle glucose metabolism after exercise in the rat: the two phase. Am J Physiol 246:E471-E475.
Goodyear LJ, Giorgino F, Balon TW, Condorelli G and Smith RJ （1995）Effects of contractile activity on tyrosine phosphoproteins and PI 3-kinase activity in rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 268:E987-E995.
Goodyear LJ, Giorgino F, Sherman LA, Carey J, Smith RJ and Dohm GL（1995）Insulin receptor phosphorylation, insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity are decreased in intact skeletal muscle strips from obese subjects. J Clin Invest 95:2195-2204.
Goodyear LJ, Hirshman MF, King PA, Horton ED, Thompson CM and Horton ES（1990）Skeletal muscle plasma membrane glucose transport and glucose transporters after exercise. J Appl Physiol 68:193-198.
Goodyear LJ, Hirshman MF, Smith RJ and Horton ES（1991）Gulose transporter number, activity, and isoform content in plasma membranes of red and white sleletal muscle. Am J Physiol 261:E556-E561.
Goodyear LJ and Kahn BB （1998）Exercise, glucose transport, and insulin sensitivity. Annu Rev Med 49:235-261.
Goodyear LJ, King PA, Hirshman MF, Thompson CM, Horton ED and Horton ES（1990）Contractile activity increases plasma membrane glucose transporters in absence of insulin. Am J Physiol 258:E667-E672.
Hayashi T, Wojtaszewski JPP and Goodyear LJ （1997）Exercise regulation of glucose transport in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 273:E1039-1051.
Henriksen EJ, Bourey RE, Rodnick KJ, Koranyi L, Permutt MA and Holloszy JO（1990）Glucose transporter protein content and glucose transporter protein content and glucose transport capacity in rat skeletal muscles. Am J Physiol 259:E593-598.
Hirshman MF, Goodyear LJ, Wardzala LJ, Horton ED and Horton ES （1990）Identification of an intracellular pool of glucose transporters from basal and insulin-stimulated rat skeletal muscle. J Bio Chem 265:987-991.
Holloszy JO and Narahara HT（1965）Studies of tissue permeability. X. Changes in permeability to 3-methylglucose associated with contraction of isolated frog muscle. J Biol Chem 240:3493-3500.
Hulman E（1967）Studies on muscle metabolism of glycogen and active phosphate in man with special reference to exercise and diet. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 19:1-63.
Ivy JL（1991）Muscle glycogen synthesis before and after exercise. Sports Med 11:6-19.
Ivy JL, Katz AL, Cutler CL, Sherman WM, Coyle EF.（1988）Muscle glycogen synthesis after exercise: effect of time of carbohydrate ingestion. J Appl Physiol 64:1480-1485.
Ivy JL and Kuo CH（1998）Regulation of GLUT4 protein and glycogen synthase during muscle glycogen synthesis after exercise. Acta Physiol Scand 162:295-304.
Ivy JL, Lee MC, Brozinick JT Jr and Reed MJ.（1988）Muscle glycogen storage after different amounts of carbohydrate ingestion. J Appl Physiol 65:2018-2023.
Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, Barker H, Fielden H, Baldwin JM, Bowling AC, Newman HC, Jenkins AL and Goff DV（1981）Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am J Clin Nutr 34:362-366.
Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Kalmusky J, Guidici S, Giordano C, Patten R, Wong GS, Bird JN, Hall M, Buckley G, et al.（1987） Low-glycemic index diet in hyperlipidemia: use of traditional starchy foods. Am J Clin Nutr 46:66-71.
Jentjens R, Jeukendrup A（2003）Determinants of post-exercise glycogen
synthesis during short-term recovery. Sports Med 33:117-144.
Jentjens RL, van Loon, Mann CH, et al.（2001）Addition of protein and amino acids to carbohydrates does not enhance postexercise muscle glycogen synthesis. J Appl Physiol 91:839-846.
Kabir M, Rizkalla SW, Champ M, Luo J, Boillot J, Bruzzo F and Slama G (1998) Dietary amylose-amylopectin starch content affects glucose and lipid metabolism in adipocytes of normal and diabetic rats. J Nutr 128:35-43.
Kern M, Wells JA, Stephens JM, Elton CW, Friedman JE, Tapscott EG, Pekala PH and Dohm GL （1990）Insulin responsiveness in skeletal muscle is determined by glucose transporter (GLUT4) protein level. Biochem J 270:397-400.
Keizer H, Kuipers H and van Kranenburg G（1987）Influence of liquid and solid meals on muscle glycogen resynthesis, plasma fuel hormone response, and maximal physical working capacity. Int J Sports Med 8:99-104.
Kiens B, Raben B, Valeur AK, et al. （1990）Benefit of dietary simple carbohydrate on the early postexercise muscle glycogen repletion in male athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 22:S88
Kimball SR, Jefferson LS, Fadden P, Haystead TA and Lawrence JC J（1996）Insulin nad diabetes cause reciprocal changes in the association of eIF-4E and PHAS-I in rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 270:C705-C709.
Kochan RG, Lamb DR, Lutz SA, Perrill CV, Reimann EM and Schlender KK（1979）Glycogen synthase activation in human skeletal muscle: effects of diet and exercise. Am J Physiol 236:E660-E666.
Kuo CH, Browning KS and IVY JL（1999a）Regulation of GLUT4 protein expression and glycogen storage after prolonged exercise. Acta Physiol Scand 165:193-201.
Kuo CH, Hunt DG, Ding Z and Ivy JL（1999b）Effect of carbohydrate
supplementation on post exercise GLUT4 protein expression in skeletal
muscle. J Apple Physiol 87:2290-2295.
Levenhage DK, Gresham JD, Carlson MG et al.（2001）Postexercise nutrient intake timing in humans is critical to recovery of leg glucose and protein homeostasis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 280:E982-93.
Lin TA, Kong X, Haystead TA Pause A, Belsham G, Sonenberg N and LaWrence JC Jr （1994）PHAS-I as a link between mitogen-activated protein kinase and translocation initiation. Science 266:653-656.
Lund S, Holman GD, Schmitz O and Pedersen O（1993）Glut 4 content in
the plasma membrane of rat skeletal muscle: Comparative studies of the subcellular fraction-method and the exofacial photolabelling technique
using ATB-BMPA.FEBS Lett 330:312-318.
Lund S, Holman GD, Schmitz O, et al.（1995）Contraction stimulates translocation of glucose transporter GLUT-4 in skeletal muscle through a mechanism distinct from that of insulin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:5817-5821.
Maehlum S and Hermansen L（1978）Muscle glycogen concentration during recovery after prolonged severe exercise in fasting subjects. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 38:557-560.
Maehlum S, H?stmark AT and Hermansen L（1977）Synthesis of muscle glycogen during recovery after prolonged severe exercise in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 37:309-316.
McCoy M, Proieto J and Hargreaves M（1996）Skeletal muscle GLUT-4 and postexercise muscle glycogen storage in humans. J Appl Physiol 80:411-415.
Miller JB, Pang E and Bramall L（1992）Rice: a high or low glycemic index food? Am J Clin Nutr 56:1034-1036.
Piehl Aulin K, Soderlund K and Hultman E（2001）Muscle glycogen resynthesis rate in humans after supplementation of drinks containing carbohydrates with low and high molecular masses. Eur J Appl Physiol 81:346-351.
Piehl K（1974）Time course for refilling of glycogen stores in human muscle fibres following exercise-induced glycogen depletion. Acta Physiol Scand 90:297-302.
Price TB, Perseghin G, Duleba A, Chen W, Chase J, Rothman DL, Shulman RG and Shulman GI（1996）NMR studies of muscle glycogen synthesis in insulin-resistant offspring of parents with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus immediately after glycogen-depleting exercise. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:5329-5334.
Price TB, Rothman DL, Taylor R, Avison MJ, Shulman GI and Shulman RG（1994）Human muscle glycogen resynthesis after exercise: insulin-dependent and -independent phases. J Appl Physiol 76:104-111.
Rabinowitz D, Merimee TJ, Maffezzoli R and Burgess JA (1966) Patterns of hormonal release after glucose, protein, and glucose plus protein. Lancet 2:454-456.
Reed MJ, Brozinick JT Jr, Lee MC and Ivy JL（1989）Muscle glycogen storage postexercise: effect of mode of carbohydrate administration. J Appl Physiol 66:720-6.
Ren JM, Marshall BA, Gulve EA, et al（1993）Evidence from transgenic
mice that glucose transport is rate-limiting for glycogen deposition and glycolysis in skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem 268:16113-16115.
Ren JM, Semenkovich CF, Gulve EA, Gao J and Holloszy JO（1994）Exercise induces rapid increases in GLUT4 expression, glucose transport
capacity, and insulin stimulated glycogen storage in muscle. J Biol Chem
269:14396-14401.
Richter EA, Kristiansen S, Wojtaszewski JFP and Hundal HA（1999）Glucose transport and transporters in skeletal muscle. In: Hargreaves M, Thompson M (Eds.), Biochemistry of Exercise X. Human Kinetics, Champaign, pp.169-183.
Richter EA, Wojtaszewski JF, Kristiansen S, Daugaard JR, Nielsen JN, Derave W and Kiens B（2001）Regulation of muscle glucose transport during exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 1l:S71-S77.
Rogers S, Macheda ML, Docherty SE, Carty MD, Henderson MA, Soeller WC, Gibbs EM, James DE and Best JD（2002）Identification of a novel glucose transporter-like protein-GLUT-12. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 282:E733-E738.
Romijn JA, Coyle EF, Sidossis LS, Gastaldelli A, Horowitz JF, Endert E and Wolfe RR（1993）Regulation of endogenous fat and carbohydrate metabolism in relation to exercise intensity and duration. Am J Physiol 265:E380-E391.
Ryder JW, Kawano Y, Galuska D, Fahlman R, Wallberg-Henriksson H, Charron MJ and Zierath JR（1999）Postexercise glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle from GLUT4-deficient mice. FASEB J 13:2246-2256.
Scheepers A, Doege H, Joost HG and Schurmann A（2001）Mouse GLUT8: genomic organization and regulation of expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by glucose. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 288:969-974.
Schenk S, Davidson CJ, Zderic TW, Byerley LO and Coyle EF（2003）Different glycemic indexes of breakfast cereals are not due to glucose entry into blood but to glucose removal by tissue. Am J Clin Nutr 78:742-748.
Tarnopolsky MA, Bosman M, Macdonald JR, Vandeputte D, Martin J and Roy BD（1997）Postexercise protein-carbohydrate and carbohydrate supplements increase muscle glycogen in men and women. J Appl Physiol 83:1877-18783.
Thomas DE, Brotherhood JR and Brand JC（1991）Carbohydrate feeding before exercise: effect of glycemic index. Int J Sports Med 12:180-186.
Tsao TS, Burcelin R, Katz EB, Huang L and Charron MJ（1996）Enhanced insulin action due to targeted GLUT4 overexpression exclusive in muscle. Diabetes 45:28-36.
van Hall G, Shirreffs SM and Calbet JA（2000）Muscle glycogen resynthesis during recovery from cycle exercise: no effect of additional protein ingestion. J Appl Physiol 88:1631-1636.
van Loon LJ, Saris WH, Kruijshoop M and Wagenmakers AJ（2000）Maximizing postexercise muscle glycogen synthesis: carbohydrate supplementation and the application of amino acid or protein hydrolysate mixtures. Am J Clin Nutr 72:106-111.
Walton P and Rhodes EC（1997）Glycemic index and optimal performance. Sports Med 23:164-172.
Wardzala LJ and Jeanrenaud B（1981）Potential mechanism of insulin action on glucose transport in the isolated rat diaphragm. Apparent translocation of intracellular transport units to the plasma membrane. J Biol Chem 256:7090-7093.
Williams C（2004）Carbohydrate intake and recovery from exercise. Science＆Sports 19:239-244.
Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ, Jenkins AL and Josse RG （1991）The glycemic index: methodology and clinical implications.Am J Clin Nutr 54:846-854.
Wolever TM, Hamad S, Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Leiter LA, Rodger NW, Ross SA and Ryan EA （1999）Day-to-day consistency in amount and source of carbohydrate associated with improved blood glucose control in type 1 diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr 18:242-247.
Wu CL, Nicholas C, Williams C, Took A and Hardy L（2003）The influence of high-carbohydrate meals with different glycaemic indices on substrate utilisation during subsequent exercise. Br J Nutr 90:1049-56.
Zachwieja JJ, Costill DL, Pascoe DD, Robergs RA and Fink WJ（1991）Influence of muscle glycogen depletion on the rate of resynthesis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 23:44-48.
謝伸裕 (1996) 基礎運動生化學。力大圖書。台北市。
|
|---|
